Undergraduate courses at the University of Warwick

Prospective Students Events Calendar

A to Z of our postgraduate courses at Warwick

Meet Us

The Library - University of Warwick

Expert Comment

Academic and Campus Services, University of Warwick

All Alumni News Articles

Welcome to the University of Warwick

Groups and networks

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

April 2025

March 2025

University of Warwick

Title / URL	Issues
Undergraduate courses at the University of Warwickwarwick.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/	100
Prospective Students Events Calendarwarwick.ac.uk/study/events/	100
A to Z of our postgraduate courses at Warwickwarwick.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/courses/	100
Meet Uswarwick.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/meet-us/	100
The Library - University of Warwickwarwick.ac.uk/services/library/?location=more_links	100
Expert Commentwarwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/expertcomment/	100
Academic and Campus Services, University of Warwickwarwick.ac.uk/services?location=more_links	100
All Alumni News Articleswarwick.ac.uk/alumni/alumni-news/all-news/	100
Welcome to the University of Warwickwarwick.ac.uk/	97
Groups and networkswarwick.ac.uk/alumni/getinvolved/linkedin/	87

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

University of Warwick

Where this issue has occurred