Visit UND | College Tour | University of North Dakota

Apply to UND | Admissions | University of North Dakota

Office of the President | University of North Dakota

Determination From a Distance | University of North Dakota

About UND | Grand Forks, ND | University of North Dakota

UND | Grand Forks, ND | University of North Dakota

Contact | University of North Dakota

Feast of Nations | University of North Dakota

Administration | University of North Dakota

#UNDproud | University of North Dakota

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

July 2025

June 2025

University of North Dakota

Title / URL	Issues
Visit UND \| College Tour \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/admissions/visit/index.html	13
Apply to UND \| Admissions \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/admissions/apply.html	13
Office of the President \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/about/president/index.html	11
Determination From a Distance \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/leaders/mckenzie-moe.html	11
About UND \| Grand Forks, ND \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/about/index.html	11
UND \| Grand Forks, ND \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/	11
Contact \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/about/contact-us.html	11
Feast of Nations \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/feast-of-nations/index.html	11
Administration \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/about/administration.html	11
#UNDproud \| University of North Dakotaund.edu/social-media/index.html	11

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

University of North Dakota

Where this issue has occurred