Why study at Liverpool - Study - University of Liverpool

Giving - University of Liverpool

Centre for the Study of International Slavery - University of Liverpool

Themes Research Themes- Research - University of Liverpool

Global Engagement and Partnerships - University of Liverpool

C - A-Z - University of Liverpool

Research - Research - University of Liverpool

English Language Centre - University of Liverpool

Money advice Money advice - Student Services - University of Liverpool

Collaborate with us - Collaborate with us - University of Liverpool

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

February 2025

January 2025

University of Liverpool

Title / URL	Issues
Why study at Liverpool - Study - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/study/why-liverpool/	17
Giving - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/giving/	8
Centre for the Study of International Slavery - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/csis/	4
Themes Research Themes- Research - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/research/research-themes/	4
Global Engagement and Partnerships - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/internationalisation/	3
C - A-Z - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/a-z/c/	3
Research - Research - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/research/	3
English Language Centre - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/english-language-centre/	3
Money advice Money advice - Student Services - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/studentsupport/money-advice/	3
Collaborate with us - Collaborate with us - University of Liverpoolwww.liverpool.ac.uk/collaborate/	3

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

University of Liverpool

Where this issue has occurred