About UC Press - University of California Press

History titles from University of California Press

Sciences titles from University of California Press

Economics titles from University of California Press

Support Us - University of California Press Foundation

Music titles from University of California Press

Religion titles from University of California Press

Health titles from University of California Press

Shackled by Rebecca A. Sharpless - Paperback - University of California Press

404 Not Found

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

June 2024

May 2024

University of California Press

Title / URL	Issues
About UC Press - University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/about	1
History titles from University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/discipline/hismaj/history	1
Sciences titles from University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/discipline/scimaj/sciences	1
Economics titles from University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/discipline/ecomaj/economics	1
Support Us - University of California Press Foundationwww.ucpress.edu/supportus	1
Music titles from University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/discipline/musmaj/music	1
Religion titles from University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/discipline/relmaj/religion	1
Health titles from University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/discipline/heamaj/health	1
Shackled by Rebecca A. Sharpless - Paperback - University of California Presswww.ucpress.edu/book/9780520398658/shackled	1
404 Not Foundwww.ucpress.edu/invented-url-for-404-page	1

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

University of California Press

Where this issue has occurred