Staff Area | University of Bolton

Freedom of Information Act | University of Bolton

Student Area | University of Bolton

International Students | University of Bolton

Subjects Areas | University of Bolton

Students and the EU | University of Bolton

Events | University of Bolton

Visual FX | Film & Television Production | University of Bolton

How to Apply & Admissions | University of Bolton

Directory of Staff Profiles

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

July 2025

June 2025

University of Bolton

Title / URL	Issues
Staff Area \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/staff-area/	46
Freedom of Information Act \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/freedom-of-information/	44
Student Area \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/student-area/	42
International Students \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/study/international	37
Subjects Areas \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/subject-areas/	35
Students and the EU \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/international/students-and-the-eu/	35
Events \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/visit-us/events/	34
Visual FX \| Film & Television Production \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/subject-areas/film-fx/	34
How to Apply & Admissions \| University of Boltonwww.bolton.ac.uk/join-us/how-to-apply-and-admissions/	34
Directory of Staff Profileswww.bolton.ac.uk/our-staff/	34

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

University of Bolton

Where this issue has occurred