Support UNICEF through a trusts or foundation - UNICEF UK

Campaign with us to protect children's rights - UNICEF UK

Emergency response: Our work in disasters and conflicts

Volunteering - Unicef UK

Accessibility - UNICEF UK

First time visit: View without clicking anything

UN Convention on Rights of a Child (UNCRC) - UNICEF UK

How can you tell a Unicef UK fundraiser is genuine? - Unicef UK

Become a corporate partner - UNICEF UK

Our UK work - UNICEF UK

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

August 2025

July 2025

Unicef

Title / URL	Issues
Support UNICEF through a trusts or foundation - UNICEF UKwww.unicef.org.uk/charitable-trusts-foundations/	2
Campaign with us to protect children's rights - UNICEF UKwww.unicef.org.uk/campaign-with-us/	2
Emergency response: Our work in disasters and conflictswww.unicef.org.uk/what-we-do/emergency-response/	2
Volunteering - Unicef UKwww.unicef.org.uk/volunteering/	2
Accessibility - UNICEF UKwww.unicef.org.uk/accessibility/	2
First time visit: View without clicking anythingwww.unicef.org.uk/	2
UN Convention on Rights of a Child (UNCRC) - UNICEF UKwww.unicef.org.uk/what-we-do/un-convention-child-rights/	2
How can you tell a Unicef UK fundraiser is genuine? - Unicef UKwww.unicef.org.uk/legal/how-we-fundraise/	2
Become a corporate partner - UNICEF UKwww.unicef.org.uk/corporate-partners/become-a-corporate-partner/	2
Our UK work - UNICEF UKwww.unicef.org.uk/what-we-do/our-uk-work/	2

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

Unicef

Where this issue has occurred