University Offices | Temple University

Courses and Schedules | Temple University

Campuses | Temple University

Temple Health | Temple University

Libraries | Temple University

International Study | Temple University

University Events | Temple University

Honors Program | Temple University

Varsity Sports | Temple University

Stella the Owl | Temple University

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

January 2025

December 2024

Temple University

Title / URL	Issues
University Offices \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/about/university-offices	42
Courses and Schedules \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/academics/courses-schedules	42
Campuses \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/academics/campuses	42
Temple Health \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/about/temple-health	42
Libraries \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/about/libraries	42
International Study \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/academics/international-study	42
University Events \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/about/university-events	42
Honors Program \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/academics/honors-program	42
Varsity Sports \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/athletics/varsity-sports	42
Stella the Owl \| Temple Universitywww.temple.edu/athletics/stella-owl	42

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

Temple University

Where this issue has occurred