Royal Holloway, University of London

First time visit: View without clicking anything

Jobs

Visit Royal Holloway

Environmental Sustainability

International students

COP28 Forum

Online shops

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

February 2025

January 2025

Royal Holloway University of London

Title / URL	Issues
Royal Holloway, University of Londonwww.royalholloway.ac.uk/	44
Royal Holloway, University of Londonroyalholloway.ac.uk/	43
First time visit: View without clicking anythingwww.royalholloway.ac.uk/	23
Jobswww.royalholloway.ac.uk/about-us/more/jobs/	19
Visit Royal Hollowayroyalholloway.ac.uk/student-life/visit-royal-holloway/	17
Environmental Sustainabilityroyalholloway.ac.uk/about-us/environmental-sustainability/	17
International studentsroyalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/international-students/	17
COP28 Forumwww.royalholloway.ac.uk/research-and-teaching/cop28-forum/	17
Online shopswww.royalholloway.ac.uk/about-us/more/online-shops/	17
Jobsroyalholloway.ac.uk/about-us/more/jobs/	17

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

Royal Holloway University of London

Where this issue has occurred