Admission & Aid | Rice University

Rice University

First time visit: View without clicking anything

Campus Life | Rice University

60th Anniversary of the JFK Speech | Rice University

Get to Rice | Rice University

John F. Kennedy Speech | Rice University

Mission and Values | Rice University

Academics | Rice University

University Leadership | Rice University

Lists of related items should be written [semantically](https://html.com/semantic-markup/) as a 
list.

Usually this means rewriting these to use the `<ul>` or `<ol>` tags.

This allows assistive technologies to more easily navigate from item to
item, or past entire groups of links if the user wants to. 

## Examples 

### Navigation

This navigation:

```html
<a href="/about">About us</a>
<a href="/products">Products</a>
<a href="/contact">Contact us</a>
```

Should be rewritten as a list:

```html
<ul>
  <li><a href="/about">About us</a></li>
  <li><a href="/products">Products</a></li>
  <li><a href="/contact">Contact us</a></li>
</ul>
```

### Tables for content

This single-column table is redundant. There is no
value in placing the content in a table, which makes
it harder for screen reader users to interpret and interact
with.

```html
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>
      Banana
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>
      Apple
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>
      Pear
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
```

Should be rewritten as a list:

```html
<ul>
  <li>Banana</li>
  <li>Apple</li>
  <li>Pear</li>
</ul>
```

## Justification

Users of assistive technologies, like screen readers, can skip an entire
list in one step. In some cases, they can even search inside a list. 

These aids are not available where links are written outside a list. 
Failing to use lists correctly can force users to have to step through
hundreds of items one at a time.

## Methodology

1. Any single-column tables are automatically considered 
   redundant lists. 
2. For non-table elements, recursively work down the page looking inside
   each element for links separated by minimal amounts of non-link text. 
   If the non-link text is below 30 characters 
   in length, we assume we're inside content that should be a list.
   Some exceptions are made, e.g. the presence of an `<hr>` would break
   out of the list.

## More information

See [Technique
H48](https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20161007/H48) for
details.

mark-navigation-section-as-list

January 2025

December 2024

Title / URL	Issues
Admission & Aid \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/admission-aid	4
Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/	2
First time visit: View without clicking anythingwww.rice.edu/	2
Campus Life \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/campus-life	2
60th Anniversary of the JFK Speech \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/jfk60	1
Get to Rice \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/get-to-rice	1
John F. Kennedy Speech \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/jfk-speech	1
Mission and Values \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/mission-values	1
Academics \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/academics	1
University Leadership \| Rice Universitywww.rice.edu/university-leadership	1

Write lists or groups of links semantically

Rice University

Where this issue has occurred