MI5 joins Instagram | MI5 - The Security Service

Latest News and Speeches | MI5 - The Security Service

MI5 early years | MI5 - The Security Service

Mull of Kintyre 30th anniversary | MI5 - The Security Service

The later Cold War. | MI5 - The Security Service

Seeing MI5 differently | MI5 - The Security Service

FAQs about MI5 | MI5 - The Security Service

Privacy | MI5 - The Security Service

MI5 publishes Gender Pay Gap report 2019 | MI5 - The Security Service

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

August 2025

July 2025

MI5 (home office)

	Title / URL	Issues
	MI5 joins Instagram \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/mi5-joins-instagram	17
	Latest News and Speeches \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/news	17
	MI5 early years \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/history/mi5s-early-years	17
	Mull of Kintyre 30th anniversary \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/mull-of-kintyre-30th-anniversary	17
	The later Cold War. \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/history/the-cold-war/the-later-cold-war	17
	Seeing MI5 differently \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/news/seeing-mi5-differently	17
	FAQs about MI5 \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/faq	17
	Privacy \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/privacy-notice	17
	MI5 publishes Gender Pay Gap report 2019 \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/mi5-publishes-gender-pay-gap-report-2019	17
	Latest News and Speeches \| MI5 - The Security Servicewww.mi5.gov.uk/news?page=5	17

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

MI5 (home office)

Where this issue has occurred