Student life at Massey - Massey University

Cookies - Massey University

International students - Massey University

Make an application - Massey University

Graduation - Massey University

Study online - Massey University

Commercialisation - Massey University

Planning your study - Massey University

Massey University of New Zealand - Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa - Massey University

Pacific Massey - Massey University

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

July 2025

June 2025

Massey University

	Title / URL	Issues
	Student life at Massey - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/student-life/	3
	Cookies - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/about/cookies/	3
	International students - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/study/international-students/	3
	Make an application - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/study/apply-to-study/	3
	Graduation - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/student-life/graduation/	3
	Study online - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/study/study-online/	2
	Commercialisation - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/research/commercialisation/	2
	Planning your study - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/study/planning-your-study/	2
	Massey University of New Zealand - Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/	2
	Pacific Massey - Massey Universitywww.massey.ac.nz/student-life/pacific-massey/	2

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

Massey University

Where this issue has occurred