Tracey Reynolds | Leeds Arts University

Tom Chimiak | Leeds Arts University

Dr Liam Noah Jefferies | Leeds Arts University

BA (Hons) Music Production Degree | Leeds Arts University

Dominique Fletcher | Leeds Arts University

BA (Hons) Animation Degree | Leeds Arts University

Heather Sprowson | Leeds Arts University

Charlotte Scroogie | Leeds Arts University

Dr David Steans | Leeds Arts University

BA (Hons) Acting for Screen Degree | Leeds Arts University

Lists (e.g., `<ul>` or `<ol>`) should only contain list items (`<li>`) as a direct descendant 
to ensure that screen readers can accurately report the amount of items contained in the list. 

## Example

In the following example, some screen readers would say this list has two items, instead of 
four: 

```html
<ul>
    <div class="some_class">
        <li>Example 1</li>
    </div>
    <div class="some_other_class">
        <li>Example 2</li>
        <li>Example 3</li>
        <li>Example 4</li>
    </div>
</ul>
```

To fix this, you would need to remove the `<div class="some_class">` and 
`<div class="some_other_class>` elements and ensure only `<li>` list items remain.

## Further reading

The [formal specification for the list element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul)
shows what is and is not permitted inside an `<ul>` and `<ol>`.

See [Technique H88](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H88.html) for more information.

list-not-following-semantics

August 2025

July 2025

Leeds College of Art

Title / URL	Issues
Tracey Reynolds \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/profiles/tracey-reynolds	1
Tom Chimiak \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/profiles/tom-chimiak	1
Dr Liam Noah Jefferies \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/profiles/liam-jefferies	1
BA (Hons) Music Production Degree \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/courses/ba-hons-music-production	1
Dominique Fletcher \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/profiles/dominique-fletcher	1
BA (Hons) Animation Degree \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/courses/ba-hons-animation	1
Heather Sprowson \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/profiles/heather-sprowson	1
Charlotte Scroogie \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/profiles/charlotte-scroogie	1
Dr David Steans \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/profiles/dr-david-steans	1
BA (Hons) Acting for Screen Degree \| Leeds Arts Universitywww.leeds-art.ac.uk/courses/ba-hons-acting-for-screen	1

Ensure lists are marked up correctly

Leeds College of Art

Where this issue has occurred