Interactive 360 ° Virtual Tour

Hold your event at the JCPC - JCPC

Speeches - JCPC

General Enquiries and Feedback - JCPC

The State of Trinidad and Tobago (Appellant) v Nawaz Ali (Respondent) (Trinidad and Tobago) - JCPC

Ervin Dean (Appellant) v Bahamas Power & Light (Respondent) (Bahamas) - JCPC

In the matter of Stanford International Bank Ltd (In Liquidation) (Acting by and through its Joint Liquidators Mark McDonald and Hugh Dickson) - JCPC

Coomaravel Pyaneandee (Appellant) v Paul Lam Shang Leen and 6 others (Respondents) (Mauritius) - JCPC

Café and gift Shop - JCPC

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

July 2025

June 2025

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

Title / URL	Issues
Interactive 360 ° Virtual Tourjcpc.uk/tours/virtual-360-tour	3
Hold your event at the JCPC - JCPCjcpc.uk/contact-us/hold-your-event	3
Speeches - JCPCjcpc.uk/speeches?j=18	3
General Enquiries and Feedback - JCPCjcpc.uk/contact-us/general-enquiries	3
Speeches - JCPCjcpc.uk/speeches?j=24	3
The State of Trinidad and Tobago (Appellant) v Nawaz Ali (Respondent) (Trinidad and Tobago) - JCPCjcpc.uk/cases/jcpc-2022-0107	3
Ervin Dean (Appellant) v Bahamas Power & Light (Respondent) (Bahamas) - JCPCjcpc.uk/cases/jcpc-2023-0010	3
In the matter of Stanford International Bank Ltd (In Liquidation) (Acting by and through its Joint Liquidators Mark McDonald and Hugh Dickson) - JCPCjcpc.uk/cases/jcpc-2018-0075	3
Coomaravel Pyaneandee (Appellant) v Paul Lam Shang Leen and 6 others (Respondents) (Mauritius) - JCPCjcpc.uk/cases/jcpc-2022-0040	3
Café and gift Shop - JCPCjcpc.uk/visit-the-court/cafe	3

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

Where this issue has occurred