Gambling | Institute of Public Health

News | Institute of Public Health

Obesity | Institute of Public Health

Resources by the Institute of Public Health | Institute of Public Health

Reports | Institute of Public Health

Search | Institute of Public Health

Factsheets | Institute of Public Health

Learning Resources | Institute of Public Health

Health Impact Assessment | Institute of Public Health

Latest from IPH | Institute of Public Health

People using screen readers are not able to see the layout of a form. To make forms
accessible, they must define explicit text labels for each form control. 

Usually the best solution is to use a `<label>` element. The label may be linked to 
by the form control:

```html
<label for="name">Full name</label>
<input type="name" id="name">
```

or the `<label>` can be wrapped around the form control:

```html
<label>
    Full name <input type="name">
</label>
```

Buttons are different, as their labels are specified by the code for the button, e.g.

```html
<input type="submit" value="Send message">
<button>Send message</button>
```

Alternatively ARIA attributes, such as `aria-label` may be used, but this information
will not be conveyed to visual users. For more information, see [W3C's guide to labeling controls](https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/forms/labels/).

Hidden input fields (`<input type="hidden">`) do not require labels.
Note that the `placeholder` attribute 
[should not be used as an alternative to a label](https://www.w3.org/TR/html/sec-forms.html#the-placeholder-attribute),
nor should the `title` attribute.

## Custom roles

Note that this check considers the underlying accessible role of an element, which can be 
different from the tag itself.

For example, this `<div>` has a `role` of `button`, and so is expected to have a label, like
a button would.

```html
<div role="button"></div>
```

form-control-labels

August 2025

July 2025

Institute of Public, health in Ireland (IPH)

Title / URL	Issues
Gambling \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/gambling	1
News \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/news	1
Obesity \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/obesity	1
Resources by the Institute of Public Health \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/resources	1
Reports \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/reports	1
Search \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/search	1
Factsheets \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/factsheets	1
Learning Resources \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/learning	1
Health Impact Assessment \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/hia	1
Latest from IPH \| Institute of Public Healthwww.publichealth.ie/	1

Ensure form controls have labels

Institute of Public, health in Ireland (IPH)

Where this issue has occurred