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When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

June 2025

May 2025

Heidelberg University

Title / URL	Issues
Directory \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/directory	100
News \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/news	87
Programs of Study \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/academics/programs	86
Blog \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/blog	76
Offices \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/offices	51
Events \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/events	44
Apply Now \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/apply-now	38
Parents \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/about/parents	36
Fast Facts \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/about/fast-facts	33
Page Not Found \| Heidelberg Universitywww.heidelberg.edu/invented-url-for-404-page	32

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

Heidelberg University

Where this issue has occurred