Transfer Student Admission Info | Hamline University - Minnesota

Bush Library | Hamline University - Minnesota

Study Away and Study Abroad | Hamline University - Minnesota

Online Bachelor's Degree Completion | Hamline University - Minnesota

Academics | Hamline University - Minnesota

Financial Aid | Hamline University - Minnesota

University Centers | Academics | Hamline University - Minnesota

Housing, Dining, & Food | Hamline University - Minnesota

Student Loan Information | Hamline University - MN

Graduate Programs | Hamline University - Minnesota

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

June 2025

May 2025

Hamline University

Title / URL	Issues
Transfer Student Admission Info \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/admission-aid/admission/transfer	14
Bush Library \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/academics/bush-library	11
Study Away and Study Abroad \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/academics/study-away	11
Online Bachelor's Degree Completion \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/academics/online-bachelors	11
Academics \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/academics	11
Financial Aid \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/admission-aid/financial-aid	11
University Centers \| Academics \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/academics/centers	11
Housing, Dining, & Food \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/life-at-hamline/housing-dining	11
Student Loan Information \| Hamline University - MNwww.hamline.edu/admission-aid/financial-aid/loans	11
Graduate Programs \| Hamline University - Minnesotawww.hamline.edu/academics/graduate/programs	11

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

Hamline University

Where this issue has occurred