Alumni & Friends | Fredonia.edu

Learn About Affordable, Friendly SUNY Fredonia

Admissions Information for Prospective Students at SUNY Fredonia

Fast Facts about affordable SUNY Fredonia

Dining | Fredonia.edu

Homepage | State University of New York at Fredonia (SUNY Fredonia)

Limitless Liberal Arts & Humanities | Fredonia.edu

Page Not Found | Fredonia.edu

Be a Problem Solver | Fredonia.edu

Faculty & Staff | Fredonia.edu

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

January 2026

December 2025

Fredonia University

Title / URL	Issues
Alumni & Friends \| Fredonia.eduwww.fredonia.edu/alumni	5
Learn About Affordable, Friendly SUNY Fredoniawww.fredonia.edu/about	5
Admissions Information for Prospective Students at SUNY Fredoniawww.fredonia.edu/admissions-aid	5
Fast Facts about affordable SUNY Fredoniawww.fredonia.edu/about/fast-facts	5
Dining \| Fredonia.eduwww.fredonia.edu/student-life/dining	5
Homepage \| State University of New York at Fredonia (SUNY Fredonia)www.fredonia.edu/	5
Limitless Liberal Arts & Humanities \| Fredonia.eduwww.fredonia.edu/liberal-arts-draft	5
Page Not Found \| Fredonia.eduwww.fredonia.edu/invented-url-for-404-page	5
Be a Problem Solver \| Fredonia.eduwww.fredonia.edu/academics/stem	5
Faculty & Staff \| Fredonia.eduwww.fredonia.edu/faculty-staff	5

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

Fredonia University

Where this issue has occurred