Darphin Paris – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Le Labo – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Our Brands – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Who We Are – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Smashbox – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

NIOD – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

GLAMGLOW – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Careers – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Investors – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Clinique – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

August 2025

July 2025

Estee Lauder Cos.

Title / URL	Issues
Darphin Paris – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/darphin	20
Le Labo – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/le-labo	20
Our Brands – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands	20
Who We Are – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are	20
Smashbox – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/smashbox	20
NIOD – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/niod	20
GLAMGLOW – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/glamglow	20
Careers – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/careers	20
Investors – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/investors	20
Clinique – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/clinique	20

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

Estee Lauder Cos.

Where this issue has occurred