Darphin Paris – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Le Labo – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Our Brands – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Who We Are – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Smashbox – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

NIOD – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

GLAMGLOW – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Careers – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Investors – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Clinique – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

January 2026

December 2025

Estee Lauder Cos.

	Title / URL	Issues
	Darphin Paris – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/darphin	19
	Le Labo – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/le-labo	19
	Our Brands – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands	19
	Who We Are – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are	19
	Smashbox – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/smashbox	19
	NIOD – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/niod	19
	GLAMGLOW – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/glamglow	19
	Careers – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/careers	19
	Investors – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/investors	19
	Clinique – The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/clinique	19

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

Estee Lauder Cos.

Where this issue has occurred