Trains, tickets & service information | EMR

Download our free app | EMR

First time visit: View without clicking anything

Cab&Go | EMR

404 - Page not found | EMR

Business train travel | EMR

Travel information | EMR

On board the train | EMR

At the station | EMR

Get a discount | Train ticket discounts | EMR

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

August 2025

July 2025

East Midlands Railway

Title / URL	Issues
Trains, tickets & service information \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/	12
Download our free app \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/tickets-discounts/download-our-app	12
First time visit: View without clicking anythingwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/	12
Cab&Go \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/cabandgo	11
404 - Page not found \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/invented-url-for-404-page	11
Business train travel \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/tickets-discounts/business-by-train	11
Travel information \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/travel-information	11
On board the train \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/trains-stations/on-board-the-train	11
At the station \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/trains-stations/at-the-station	11
Get a discount \| Train ticket discounts \| EMRwww.eastmidlandsrailway.co.uk/tickets-discounts/get-a-discount	11

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

East Midlands Railway

Where this issue has occurred