Joseph Salem | Duke University

Jennifer Lodge | Duke University

Candis Watts Smith | Duke University

Duke University

Nina E. King | Duke University

Daniel Ennis | Duke University

Contact Us | Duke University

John V. Brown | Duke University

Maggie W. Epps | Duke University

Vincent E. Price | Duke University

Lists (e.g., `<ul>` or `<ol>`) should only contain list items (`<li>`) as a direct descendant 
to ensure that screen readers can accurately report the amount of items contained in the list. 

## Example

In the following example, some screen readers would say this list has two items, instead of 
four: 

```html
<ul>
    <div class="some_class">
        <li>Example 1</li>
    </div>
    <div class="some_other_class">
        <li>Example 2</li>
        <li>Example 3</li>
        <li>Example 4</li>
    </div>
</ul>
```

To fix this, you would need to remove the `<div class="some_class">` and 
`<div class="some_other_class>` elements and ensure only `<li>` list items remain.

## Further reading

The [formal specification for the list element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul)
shows what is and is not permitted inside an `<ul>` and `<ol>`.

See [Technique H88](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H88.html) for more information.

list-not-following-semantics

January 2025

December 2024

Title / URL	Issues
Joseph Salem \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/salem/	52
Jennifer Lodge \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/lodge/	52
Candis Watts Smith \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/smith/	52
Duke Universityduke.edu/about/	52
Nina E. King \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/king/	52
Daniel Ennis \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/ennis/	52
Contact Us \| Duke Universityduke.edu/contact/	52
John V. Brown \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/brown/	52
Maggie W. Epps \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/epps/	52
Vincent E. Price \| Duke Universityduke.edu/about/leadership/price/	52

Ensure lists are marked up correctly

Duke University

Where this issue has occurred