Contacts Archive - Delta State University

Robert E. Smith School of Nursing - School of Nursing

A-Z Site Index - Delta State University

Academic Catalogs - Academic Affairs - Delta State University

College of Education and Human Sciences - Home - Education and Human Sciences

Social Work - Home - Arts and Sciences

About DSU - Delta State University

Home - Delta State University

Office of Academic Affairs - Delta State University

Music - Home - Arts and Sciences

All controls on the page - including links, buttons, and fields - should show when 
they have been selected by the keyboard.

You can confirm this yourself by loading a webpage and using the Tab key to navigate 
through it. Anything you can select should alter its appearance when selected. 
For example, a text field might change color, or have a distinctive border applied. 

This is default behavior for all standard web controls, and so if this issue is appearing
it is because this default behavior has been disabled. Or alternatively, if you have written
your own custom controls, these will need styling to support focus states.

## How to fix

Links and form controls typically define an `outline` CSS style, which ensures
they are highlighted automatically, for example:

```css
input:focus (outline: 2px solid red);
``` 

If you choose to override or disable the default `outline`, you should specify an accessible 
alternative, such as a border or background color.

### Elements appear to change in the browser

Focus states should be defined in CSS alone, and not require JavaScript to work.

Try disabling JavaScript on the page, and see if focus is still visible. If it not,
then the focus state won't work with assistive technologies that don't have a physical
keyboard, e.g. mobile phones.

Some more unusual means of implementing a focus state cannot be detected or measured
automatically. These include:

* Focus implemented via pseudo-elements - such as `::after` or `::before`.
* Focus using `:focus-within` (JavaScript current provides no way to access these).
* Focus cascaded to child elements, e.g. a `<span>` inside an `<a>` tag. We detect
  some of these cases, but there are variations that we cannot detect.

Currently, there is no practical way to assess these focus states automatically.

### Unexpected elements are focusable

You may be surprised to see tags like `<div>` or `<span>` being shown as focusable.
If an element has a `tabindex` of 0 or higher, it becomes focusable. Any HTML tag can be made 
focusable in this way, this is so that custom controls (e.g. your own drop-down menus, or 
sliders) can support keyboard navigation. [Learn more about tabindex on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/tabindex).

## Further reading

* [WCAG 2.4.7](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-visible.html)

ensure-focus-is-visible

September 2024

August 2024

Delta State University

Title / URL	Issues
Contacts Archive - Delta State Universitywww.deltastate.edu/contacts/	4
Robert E. Smith School of Nursing - School of Nursingwww.deltastate.edu/school-of-nursing/	2
A-Z Site Index - Delta State Universitywww.deltastate.edu/a-z-site-index/	2
Academic Catalogs - Academic Affairs - Delta State Universitywww.deltastate.edu/academic-affairs/catalog/	1
College of Education and Human Sciences - Home - Education and Human Scienceswww.deltastate.edu/education-and-human-sciences/	1
Social Work - Home - Arts and Scienceswww.deltastate.edu/artsandsciences/social-work/	1
About DSU - Delta State Universitywww.deltastate.edu/about-dsu/	1
Home - Delta State Universitywww.deltastate.edu/	1
Office of Academic Affairs - Delta State Universitywww.deltastate.edu/academic-affairs/	1
Music - Home - Arts and Scienceswww.deltastate.edu/artsandsciences/music/	1

Ensure controls change appearance when they are selected

Delta State University

Where this issue has occurred