Coronavirus (COVID-19) Information | City of West Hollywood

Arts Division | City of West Hollywood

High Heat | City of West Hollywood

Trash and Recycling | City of West Hollywood

Public Safety | City of West Hollywood

Online Services | City of West Hollywood

Human Services | City of West Hollywood

Domestic Partnerships | City of West Hollywood

Animal Care and Control | City of West Hollywood

Environmental Services | City of West Hollywood

Avoid opening links in a new tab or window. Where you must do this, include an explanation
in the text of the link.

## Why this matters

Opening links in a new tab or window breaks the back button and can be disorientating for 
novice web users, and the visually impaired. Generally you should avoid opening links in a
new tab or window, but if you have to, you should include text explaining that this will happen.

## How to fix

An explanation must be clear in the accessible text for the link. For example:

```html
<a href="products.html" target="_blank">
    Products (opens in new window)
</a>
```

Or, for an image inside a link:

```html
<a href="products.html" target="_blank">
    <img src="products.jpg" alt="Products (opens in new window)">
</a>
```

Rather than updating all of your links manually to do this, you can add a simple CSS
selector, such as:

```css
a[target="_blank"]:after {
    content: " (opens in new window)";
}
```

Note that doing this with an icon, is not sufficient to pass this check. The text must be
readable by screen readers.

Alternatively you can override the link text for accessible technologies (like screenreaders),
so that the appearance of the link does not change. For example:

```html
<a href="products.html" target="_blank" aria-label="Products (opens in new window)">
    Products
</a>
```

Note that if you do this, the `aria-label` will replace the text content of the link completely,
so it must still make sense in isolation.

## Terminology

Although it is common to say "opens in new window", almost all browsers now use tabs, and
so this terminology is potentially confusing. You may prefer: "opens in new tab".

## Methodology

1. Silktide considers all links on a page with a `target` attribute of `_blank`.
2. For each link, Silktide considers the screen-readable text of the link, which includes:
   * The text content of the link
   * Any `alt` text inside any images inside the link
   * Any `aria-label` or `aria-labelled-by` text
   * The `content` of the pseudo-elements `:before` and `:after`
3. This text is analysed for the presence of common text, including "opens new tab"
    and "opens new window". If the text is not found, the link fails the test.

## Further reading

Generally best practice is to avoid opening links in a new tab or window.  

The W3C provides detailed guidance on 
[when opening a link in a new window may be appropriate](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/G200.html).

link-text-explains-open-in-new-window

June 2024

May 2024

City of West Hollywood

Title / URL	Issues
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Information \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/services/coronavirus-covid-19	52
Arts Division \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/community/arts-and-culture	38
High Heat \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/services/cooling-centers	27
Trash and Recycling \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/city-government/city-departments/public-works/environmental-services/trash-and-recycling	23
Public Safety \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/city-government/city-departments/community-safety/public-safety	16
Online Services \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/services/online-services	15
Human Services \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/services/human-services	15
Domestic Partnerships \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/services/domestic-partnerships	15
Animal Care and Control \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/services/animal-care-and-control	14
Environmental Services \| City of West Hollywoodwww.weho.org/city-government/city-departments/public-works/environmental-services	14

Ensure links explain they open in a new tab

City of West Hollywood

Where this issue has occurred