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City Modernization | City of Lancaster

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

August 2025

July 2025

City of Lancaster

	Title / URL	Issues
	City of Lancaster \| Homewww.cityoflancasterca.org/	56
	City of Lancaster \| Homewww.cityoflancasterca.org/home	56
	About Us \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/about-us	53
	Residents \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/residents	52
	Communications \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/departments-services/communications	50
	Departments & Services \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/departments-services	46
	Special Events \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/departments-services/parks-recreation-arts/special-events	44
	Human Resources \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/departments-services/human-resources	43
	City Clerk - General Information \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/departments-services/city-clerk	42
	City Modernization \| City of Lancasterwww.cityoflancasterca.org/our-city/about-us/city-modernization	41

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

City of Lancaster

Where this issue has occurred