Contact us | City of Joondalup

Plan and Build | City of Joondalup

Parking | City of Joondalup

Paying your rates | City of Joondalup

Placemaking | City of Joondalup

Environment | City of Joondalup

Rates | City of Joondalup

Forms, checklists and lodgements | City of Joondalup

What's On | City of Joondalup

Saved Pages | City of Joondalup

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

November 2025

October 2025

City of Joondalup

	Title / URL	Issues
	Contact us \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/city-and-council/contact-us	7
	Plan and Build \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/plan-and-build	7
	Parking \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/community-and-spaces/parking	7
	Paying your rates \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/residents/rates/paying-your-rates	7
	Placemaking \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/whats-on/placemaking	7
	Environment \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/environment	7
	Rates \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/residents/rates	7
	Forms, checklists and lodgements \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/plan-and-build/formsandchecklists	7
	What's On \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/whats-on	7
	Saved Pages \| City of Joondalupwww.joondalup.wa.gov.au/saved-pages	7

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

City of Joondalup

Where this issue has occurred