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Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

December 2025

November 2025

Cgi It Uk Limited

	Title / URL	Issues
	Data analytics \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/data-analytics	17
	Health, care and life sciences \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/health-and-care	13
	Insurance \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/Insurance	13
	Education \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/education	13
	Cyber security \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/cyber-security	12
	Utilities \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/utilities	12
	Media solutions \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/media	12
	IT and business consulting services \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/cgi_country_widget	12
	Communications \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/communications	12
	Sustainability \| CGI UKwww.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/sustainability	12

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

Cgi It Uk Limited

Where this issue has occurred