Connect With Us | Carnegie Science

Outreach & Education | Carnegie Science

Cosmology | Carnegie Science

Our Research | Carnegie Science

Explore Careers in Science | Carnegie Science Jobs

Earth Science | Carnegie Science

Theory | Carnegie Science

Initiatives | Carnegie Science

Plant Science | Carnegie Science

Global Ecology | Carnegie Science

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

April 2025

March 2025

Carnegie Institution for Science

Title / URL	Issues
Connect With Us \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/about/connect-us	5
Outreach & Education \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/about/outreach-education	5
Cosmology \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/our-research/astronomy/cosmology	5
Our Research \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/our-research	5
Explore Careers in Science \| Carnegie Science Jobscarnegiescience.edu/about/careers-in-science	5
Earth Science \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/our-research/earth-science	4
Theory \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/our-research/astronomy/theory	4
Initiatives \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/initiatives	4
Plant Science \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/our-research/plant-science	4
Global Ecology \| Carnegie Sciencecarnegiescience.edu/our-research/ecology	4

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

Carnegie Institution for Science

Where this issue has occurred