Information for your country - Study - Cardiff University

Explore undergraduate subjects - Study - Cardiff University

Porwch drwy ein pynciau israddedig - Astudio - Prifysgol Caerdydd

Privacy - Help - Cardiff University

Porwch drwy ein pynciau ôl-raddedig - Astudio - Prifysgol Caerdydd

International - Study - Cardiff University

Israddedig - Astudio - Prifysgol Caerdydd

Postgraduate - Study - Cardiff University

Undergraduate - Study - Cardiff University

Explore postgraduate subjects - Study - Cardiff University

When selecting a user interface component with the keyboard, the focus indicator must 
not be completely obscured by anything in front of it.

## Why this matters

When using a keyboard, it is important that the user can see where they are on the page.
If the focus indicator is obscured, the user may not know where they are, and may not
be able to interact with the page.

## Examples

Most common examples include:

* Banners at the top or bottom of the page, such as cookie banners
* Fixed navigation bars
* Fixed footers
* Popup modals, such as cookie consent modals

## How to fix

With elements that cover part of the screen, such as cookie banners, ensure
that the user can scroll to see any content behind the banner, without having to close
the banner.

With popup modals, it should usually be impossible to focus anything behind the modal.
Most common modal frameworks will automatically trap focus within the modal, so that
this is impossible. Example: [Bootstrap Modal](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/components/modal/#live-demo).

## Further reading

This is part of the draft WCAG 2.2 specification and is subject to change.

* [WCAG 2.4.12](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-not-obscured.html)

ensure-focus-is-not-obscured-minimum

June 2025

May 2025

Cardiff University

	Title / URL	Issues
	Information for your country - Study - Cardiff Universitywww.cardiff.ac.uk/study/international/your-country	100
	Explore undergraduate subjects - Study - Cardiff Universitywww.cardiff.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/subjects	76
	Porwch drwy ein pynciau israddedig - Astudio - Prifysgol Caerdyddwww.cardiff.ac.uk/cy/study/undergraduate/subjects	75
	Privacy - Help - Cardiff Universitywww.cardiff.ac.uk/help/privacy	70
	Porwch drwy ein pynciau ôl-raddedig - Astudio - Prifysgol Caerdyddwww.cardiff.ac.uk/cy/study/postgraduate/subjects	68
	International - Study - Cardiff Universitywww.cardiff.ac.uk/study/international	68
	Israddedig - Astudio - Prifysgol Caerdyddwww.cardiff.ac.uk/cy/study/undergraduate	67
	Postgraduate - Study - Cardiff Universitywww.cardiff.ac.uk/study/postgraduate	66
	Undergraduate - Study - Cardiff Universitywww.cardiff.ac.uk/study/undergraduate	66
	Explore postgraduate subjects - Study - Cardiff Universitywww.cardiff.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/subjects	65

Ensure focus is not fully obscured

Cardiff University

Where this issue has occurred