College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences | Brunel University London

College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences | Brunel University London

College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences | Brunel University London

People | Brunel University London

Brunel University of London

First time visit: View without clicking anything

Simulation technologies deliver multi million pound turnover

Brunel University London: An Exempt Charity | Brunel University of London

JurnyOn's RIEm journey for Transforming Travel Experience with AI based ticketing solution

Research | Brunel University of London

Lists of related items should be written [semantically](https://html.com/semantic-markup/) as a 
list.

Usually this means rewriting these to use the `<ul>` or `<ol>` tags.

This allows assistive technologies to more easily navigate from item to
item, or past entire groups of links if the user wants to. 

## Examples 

### Navigation

This navigation:

```html
<a href="/about">About us</a>
<a href="/products">Products</a>
<a href="/contact">Contact us</a>
```

Should be rewritten as a list:

```html
<ul>
  <li><a href="/about">About us</a></li>
  <li><a href="/products">Products</a></li>
  <li><a href="/contact">Contact us</a></li>
</ul>
```

### Tables for content

This single-column table is redundant. There is no
value in placing the content in a table, which makes
it harder for screen reader users to interpret and interact
with.

```html
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>
      Banana
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>
      Apple
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>
      Pear
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
```

Should be rewritten as a list:

```html
<ul>
  <li>Banana</li>
  <li>Apple</li>
  <li>Pear</li>
</ul>
```

## Justification

Users of assistive technologies, like screen readers, can skip an entire
list in one step. In some cases, they can even search inside a list. 

These aids are not available where links are written outside a list. 
Failing to use lists correctly can force users to have to step through
hundreds of items one at a time.

## Methodology

1. Any single-column tables are automatically considered 
   redundant lists. 
2. For non-table elements, recursively work down the page looking inside
   each element for links separated by minimal amounts of non-link text. 
   If the non-link text is below 30 characters 
   in length, we assume we're inside content that should be a list.
   Some exceptions are made, e.g. the presence of an `<hr>` would break
   out of the list.

## More information

See [Technique
H48](https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20161007/H48) for
details.

mark-navigation-section-as-list

June 2025

May 2025

Brunel University London

	Title / URL	Issues
	College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences \| Brunel University Londonwww.brunel.ac.uk/people/cedps	15
	College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences \| Brunel University Londonwww.brunel.ac.uk/people/chls	15
	College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences \| Brunel University Londonwww.brunel.ac.uk/people/cbass	15
	People \| Brunel University Londonwww.brunel.ac.uk/people	14
	Brunel University of Londonwww.brunel.ac.uk/	4
	First time visit: View without clicking anythingwww.brunel.ac.uk/	4
	Simulation technologies deliver multi million pound turnoverwww.brunel.ac.uk/business/case-studies/do-it-tomorrow	2
	Brunel University London: An Exempt Charity \| Brunel University of Londonwww.brunel.ac.uk/about/information	2
	JurnyOn's RIEm journey for Transforming Travel Experience with AI based ticketing solutionwww.brunel.ac.uk/business/case-studies/jurnyon	2
	Research \| Brunel University of Londonwww.brunel.ac.uk/research	2

Write lists or groups of links semantically

Brunel University London

Where this issue has occurred