Funding awards made by the BFI | BFI

BFI book releases and trade sales | BFI

BFI National Archive enquiry | BFI

Using your BFI Membership | BFI

Features and reviews | BFI

God’s Creatures | BFI

Join and support the BFI | BFI

Use the BFI Reuben Library for your research | BFI

Visiting the BFI Reuben Library | BFI

Two adjacent links should not point to the same destination. You almost always want to combine the 
two links.

For example, it is quite common to link an image and text together like this:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
</a>
<a href="news.html">
    News
</a>
``` 

These adjacent links should be combined like so:

```html
<a href="news.html">
    <img src="photo.jpg" alt="" />
    News
</a>
``` 

Links to `#` are ignored, as these are nearly always placeholders for JavaScript, e.g.:

```html
<a href="#" onclick="approve()">
    OK
</a>
<a href="#" onclick="reject()">
    Cancel
</a>
```

# Justification

Many users of assistive technology are only able to experience content sequentially - that is, they must
step through each part of the page, one part at a time. Often this is a slow process, potentially 
hampered by a physical impediment.

Stepping through redundant links is time consuming; for example users of a screen reader must 
hear each link read aloud in turn. 

This also simplifies your code. 

# Methodology

1. Find all links (`<a>` tags) on the page.
2. Ignore links pointing to `#`, as these are usually placeholders for JavaScript.
3. Flag links which are (a) separated only by whitespace and (b) which point to the 
   same absolute URL.  

# Learn more

Read about [Technique H2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H2) on how to combine
an adjacent image and texts links.

duplicate-adjacent-link

January 2025

December 2024

British Film Institute

Title / URL	Issues
Funding awards made by the BFI \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/funding-awards-made-bfi	1
BFI book releases and trade sales \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/bfi-book-releases-trade-sales	1
BFI National Archive enquiry \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/bfi-national-archive-enquiry	1
Using your BFI Membership \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/using-your-bfi-membership	1
Features and reviews \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/articles/type/videos	1
God’s Creatures \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/bfi-film-releases/gods-creatures	1
Join and support the BFI \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/join-support	1
Features and reviews \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/articles/type/features	1
Use the BFI Reuben Library for your research \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/bfi-reuben-library	1
Visiting the BFI Reuben Library \| BFIwww.bfi.org.uk/bfi-reuben-library/visiting-library	1

Combine adjacent links with the same destination

British Film Institute

Where this issue has occurred