Admissions and Application Process | Alma College

Athletics at Alma College | Engage in Sports and Competition

Financial Aid | Alma College - Funding Your Education

Events | Alma College

Our Story | Discover Alma College's History and Tradition

Explore Our Academic Degree Programs | Alma College

Wilcox Health Center: Health Services at Alma College

Page not found | Alma College

Academic Support Services | Alma College

Alma College Alumni | Stay Connected and Engaged

All controls on the page - including links, buttons, and fields - should show when 
they have been selected by the keyboard.

You can confirm this yourself by loading a webpage and using the Tab key to navigate 
through it. Anything you can select should alter its appearance when selected. 
For example, a text field might change color, or have a distinctive border applied. 

This is default behavior for all standard web controls, and so if this issue is appearing
it is because this default behavior has been disabled. Or alternatively, if you have written
your own custom controls, these will need styling to support focus states.

## How to fix

Links and form controls typically define an `outline` CSS style, which ensures
they are highlighted automatically, for example:

```css
input:focus (outline: 2px solid red);
``` 

If you choose to override or disable the default `outline`, you should specify an accessible 
alternative, such as a border or background color.

### Elements appear to change in the browser

Focus states should be defined in CSS alone, and not require JavaScript to work.

Try disabling JavaScript on the page, and see if focus is still visible. If it not,
then the focus state won't work with assistive technologies that don't have a physical
keyboard, e.g. mobile phones.

Some more unusual means of implementing a focus state cannot be detected or measured
automatically. These include:

* Focus implemented via pseudo-elements - such as `::after` or `::before`.
* Focus using `:focus-within` (JavaScript current provides no way to access these).
* Focus cascaded to child elements, e.g. a `<span>` inside an `<a>` tag. We detect
  some of these cases, but there are variations that we cannot detect.

Currently, there is no practical way to assess these focus states automatically.

### Unexpected elements are focusable

You may be surprised to see tags like `<div>` or `<span>` being shown as focusable.
If an element has a `tabindex` of 0 or higher, it becomes focusable. Any HTML tag can be made 
focusable in this way, this is so that custom controls (e.g. your own drop-down menus, or 
sliders) can support keyboard navigation. [Learn more about tabindex on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/tabindex).

## Further reading

* [WCAG 2.4.7](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-visible.html)

ensure-focus-is-visible

June 2025

May 2025

Alma College

	Title / URL	Issues
	Admissions and Application Process \| Alma Collegewww.alma.edu/admissions/	2
	Athletics at Alma College \| Engage in Sports and Competitionwww.alma.edu/athletics/	2
	Financial Aid \| Alma College - Funding Your Educationwww.alma.edu/financial-aid/	2
	Events \| Alma Collegewww.alma.edu/calendar/	1
	Our Story \| Discover Alma College's History and Traditionwww.alma.edu/about/our-story/	1
	Explore Our Academic Degree Programs \| Alma Collegewww.alma.edu/academics/	1
	Wilcox Health Center: Health Services at Alma Collegewww.alma.edu/wilcox-health-center/	1
	Page not found \| Alma Collegewww.alma.edu/invented-url-for-404-page	1
	Academic Support Services \| Alma Collegewww.alma.edu/academic-support/	1
	Alma College Alumni \| Stay Connected and Engagedwww.alma.edu/alumni/	1

Ensure controls change appearance when they are selected

Alma College

Where this issue has occurred